平特五不中

The Canada Foundation for Innovation has announced the winners of the most recent awards given out under the Leaders of Opportunity Fund. The 19 projects that received funding have brought a total of $3,890,640 in new research money to 平特五不中. The research ranges from work on breast cancer and neurodegenerative diseases to new methods of using GIS and remote sensing technology to predict the effect of urban heat islands on water resources.

Sarah Woolley and Jon Sakata, two professors in the biology department, are among those who have received award money under CFI鈥檚 LOF. They are hoping to gain some insight into the neural basis of human communication by studying how songbirds, such as zebra and Bengalese finches, learn how to sing.

鈥淧eople think that when they hear birdsongs and calls, that it鈥檚 all genetically encoded,鈥� says Jon Sakata. 鈥淏ut juvenile songbirds go through same process of vocal learning as people do 鈥� they listen to adult exemplars, then they experiment, just as babies do when they babble, and then they use auditory feedback to hone their vocal motor skills and learn how to communicate. It鈥檚 very similar to what you see in humans.鈥�

Woolley and Sakata are particularly interested in studying how songbirds integrate social signals as well auditory information as they make choices and learn how to sing. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a bit like in people, where you look at what the cool kid is doing and think that you should be doing that as well,鈥� explains Sakata. 鈥淪ongbirds are highly influenced by social signals, so they鈥檙e more likely to imitate a dominant male that is paired with a female, rather than a subordinate male that is without one. What we want is to look at social signals like these and see how the brain processes this information to influence vocal learning.鈥�

Because the neural circuits responsible for vocal communication in songbirds are already well mapped, Sakata and Woolley have been able to design experiments that will measure not only how songbirds learn and remember how to sing, but also how social signals influence this learning process.

One of these experiments involves, quite literally, teaching juvenile songbirds to sing by playing recordings of other males to them and having them watch how adult females respond to these songs. The hypothesis is that juveniles will preferentially learn the songs that females show more interest in. 聽By studying how the neural circuits in the songbird brain are activated by these social cues, the researchers hope to gain some insight into what goes on in human brain areas that mediate speech learning, social cognition and auditory memory. And they hope to learn something about human communication disorders such as autism in the process.

While it may sound like quite a big jump from songbird brains to human ones, according to Sakata, because of the striking parallels between birdsong and various aspects of human communication, it鈥檚 not unlikely that birdsong offers some important clues about the evolutionary building blocks of human speech.

Now if only we could stop talking and learn how to sing like them.