平特五不中

The arrival of the web has increased opportunities to democratise access to听knowledge. This is particularly the case in the humanities and social听sciences, which fulfil a social function in interpreting and understanding听societies, their culture, history and sociology. Though the open access听movement was pioneered by physicists (ArXiv), the movement now includes the听humanities and social sciences through projects relating to journals听(Redalyc, Scielo, Revues.org), books (Oapen, OpenEdition Books), open听archives (HAL, SSRN) and even blogs (Hypoth猫ses, Culture visuelle). While听some commentators denounce open access as a utopia dangerous for the entire听publishing system, others argue that it represents a historic opportunity听for the humanities and social sciences to position themselves at the听vanguard of all disciplines, rather than cultivating a quiet conservatism.听Above and beyond these theoretical arguments, however, is the question of听how to attain open access. The "green" and "gold" approaches are pitted听against one another, though they are in fact complementary. Many听commentators propose to shift the onus of payment from post- to听pre-production, from reader to author. Others propose alternative solutions听such as crowdsourcing or subscription mechanisms. OpenEdition, for its part,听provides commercial services while maintaining its content in open access.听In all events, a balanced, long-term and economically sound solution will听depend on a new alliance between the actors of the scholarly publishing听system: publishers, libraries, academics and platforms.

Marin Dacos is Director of the Centre for Open Electronic Publishing - CNRS听- EHESS - Aix-Marseille Universit茅 (AMU) (). His听OpenEdition is now a Facility of Excellence (Equipex).